Die-machine for forging annular work.



J. H. AMES. DIE MACHINE FOR FORGING ANNULAR WORK.

May 1, 1917. 2 SHEET$$HEET i.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 14; 19'6- 1,224,829., Patented [nae/afar J. H. AMES. DHE MACHINE FOR F'ORGING ANNULAR WORK.

APPLICATION FILED APR-14,1916. 1,224,829 Patented. May 1, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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JOSEPH H. AMES, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOB TO AMERICAN CAR AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

DIE-MACHINE FOR FORGING ANNULAR WORK.

I Patented May 1, 11917.

Application filed April 14, I916. Serial No. 91 ,096.

a To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Josnrrr H. AMns, residing at Detroit, Michigan, and being a citi- Zen of the United States, have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Die- Machines for Forging Annular Work, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and to use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the preferred form of the invention, though it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exactdetails of construction shown and described, as it is obvious that various modifications thereof will occur to persons skilled in the art.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevational view of my i1nproved forging machine with the parts in position for beginning a forging operation.

Fig. 2 is a vertical central section taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 3 and illustrates the parts in a work-finishing position.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a composite sectional view taken on the line 4 l of Fig. 1, showing on the left a quadrant in inverted plan of the upper die holder and on the right a quadrant in plan of the lower die holder. I

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the upper die seat annulus retained in the upper die holder.

Fig. 6 is a section of a ring to be treated before the operation thereon; and

Fig. 7 is a section of the same ring after the completion of the operation. I

The present invention relates to die machines for forging and particularly to that type of machine which is adapted to transform the cross section of a ring from one shape into another. p

The machine or device may be complete in itself or it may be adaptedto beset up in presses or like machines, which constitute an already existent part of a shop equipment. i

The forging machine is provided with opposed die holders containing coacting dies,.

which die holders are normally maintained separated by resilient cushioning means and are linked together by mechanism which controls the degree of separation ofsaid opposed die holders.

It is proposed that the separated opposing die holders shall ordinarily be arranged vertically and that the upper die holder shall be maintained in its uppermost position by an automatic action of the resilient cushioning means. The linking mechanism so relates the upper and lower die holders that the effectiveness of the cushioning means, which it is preferred shall react from each die holder, is quite suflicient to sustain the upper die holder appropriately positioned above the lower die holder and so that the work may be inserted in the latter.

Another object is the employment of a, pilot member retained by suitable means carried by an upper table of a press or the eqi'livalent thereof. The pilot member is intended to be in a mutual positioning relation with the upper die holder when both die holders are separated, and in such relation with both holders when they are in workshaping positions. It is also to act as a backing for the work, aiding in the shaping thereof. 7 Additional means are provided for preserving the alinement of the upper and lower die holders, and are effective at such times as the pilot member is so positioned as to be incapable of insuring the alincment of the die holders.

Further novelty and advantages will become apparent hereinafter and are to be regarded as'comingwithin the scope of the present invention.

Referring specifically to the parts, 1 is a lower table and 2 an upper table, both of which maybe parts of an ordinary hydraulic press. It is immaterial which of the tables is movable.

- Mounted on the lower table 1 is a lower die holder 3 provided with an annular base flange l, which may be secured to the table 1 by means of the usual service clamps 5, or any other suitable means. The lower die holder 3 has the general shape of a vertically disposed cylinder and, as best seen in Fig. 2, is centrally cored out at 6, the upper cored portion 6 being of reduced diameter. In its upper central portion lower die holder 3 is further recessed to receive a lower die 7 formally positioned and spaced above lower die holder 8 is an upper die holder 8, centrally recessed to receive an annular die seat. 9 and an upper die 10 retained by seat 9. EXteriorly of the upper die holder 8 is a plurality of outwardly projecting cars 11, here shown to be three in number and disposed 120 apart. Lower die holder 3 is provided with a similar series of outstanding ears 12, except that cars 12 are arranged in pairs, the space between them being in substantially vertical alinement with the cars 11 of the upper die holder 8. A pin 13 passes through each ear 11 of the upper die holder and pivotally suspended from said pins is a pair of links 14 at each ear 11. Between each depending pair of links 14 is positioned the upper end of another link 15, the lower end of which extends between an associated pair of cars 12 extending outwardly from the lower die holder 3.

Pins 16 pass through each pair of the lower die holder cars 12 and the lower die holder link positioned between them, while other pins 17 pass through the lower ends of upper links 1411 and the upper ends of the lower links 15, pivotally uniting links 14 and 15 and making toggles of them. The toggles so formed. are prevented from having their middle pins 17 assume a dead center position by means of lugs 35 projecting from the outer convex surface of lower die holder 3 in such manner that they are engaged by the upper ends of toggle links 15. This arrangement prohibits links 14: and 15 of each toggle ever becoming totally straightened. and said toggles are always in condition to respond to an impulse due to a relative approach of the upper and lower tables, which tends to move the upper and lower die holders together. Preferably diametrically disposed are up right standards or rods 18, the lower ends of which project into the annular base flange 4: of the lower die holder 3, said inserted ends by choice having a press fit in such flange. Mounted to be adjusted vertically on rods 18, are spring seats 19, adapted to be positioned at any convenient vertical point of the rods 18 by set screws 20. lVith its lower end resting upon the upper surface of each spring seat 19, is a compression spring 21, the upper end of which bears against a bracket 22 extending outwardly from the normal perimeter of the upper die holder 8. Brackets 22, which, of course, are diametrically disposed, have downwardly projecting lugs 23 which extend into the upper end of the spring associated with the bracket from which it depends, thereby preventing any displacement of said spring.

Upper die holder 8 is, therefore, resiliently supported and cushioned by springs 21, which maintain said upper die holder at an altitude which leaves ample space between upper and lower die holders 8 and 3 respectively, so that work, such as the ring A, shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 1, and in section in Fig. 6, may be inserted to rest in the lower die 7.

A pilot holder 24 is held by other service clamps 5 to the upper stationary table 2 and is provided with a tentrally threaded aperture 25. A pilot 26, having a reduced threaded neck or plug, is screwedi-nto the threaded aperture 25 and there retained. Pilot 26 is centrally cored out, as best seen in Figs. 2 and 3, and in the lower portion of its internal wall is provided with a series of recesses 30 for rhe reception of a tool adapted to turn the pilot .to screw it into or out of the threaded aperture 25 of the pilot holder 24. The lower end of pilot 26 is curved inwardly in a segmental spherical manner and when the parts are in the positions depicted in Fig. 1, said lower end of pilot 26 extends partially into the upper die 10.

A plurality of guide rods 27 project into the pilot holder 2t, preferably being held therein by having a press fit therewith. Said guide rods 27 extend downwardly through apertures in upper die holder 8 and other apertures in lower die holder 3, their lower ends projecting into chambers 28 in the lower portion of lower die holder 3. The guide rods 27 are also preferably arranged 120 apart and on the same radial lines that pass through the vertical median lines of toggles comprising links 141-. and 15. This necessarily means that the chambers 28 have the same angular disposition as the guide rods 27 and each chamber is provided with a port 29.

Lower die 7 is seated in the upper recess in the lower die holder 3 and is provided with annular faces for producing the faces 31 and 32 in the form of ring illustrated in Fig. 7. The die seat 9 for the upper die 10 is in the form of a steel ring which is shrunk on the lower portion of the said upper die. The latter has an enlarged diameter above the annular die seat 9 whereby a shoulder 33 is formed, which rests upon the upper face of annular die seat 9, positively preventing the upper die 10 from falling out of place. The annular die seat 9 for the upper die is held in place by fillister head screws 34:, as best seen in Figs. 3 to 5. Screws 3 1- are amiularly disposed and occupy threaded holes which are drilled and tapped in the underside of upper die holder 8, which holes are countersunk to receive the :fillistcr heads of screws 3%. The countersunk portions of the holes for screws 34- have their major portions contained in the die holder 8, but have minor portions extending into the sides of annular die seat 9, cutting out segments in the bottom portions of said die seat at the circumference thereof. As a consequence, annular die seat 9 is provided with a series of shoulders 36 which 'rest upon the upper surfaces of the fillister annular die seat 9, and therefore upper die 10, is securely retained in place.

Lower die 7 is retained in place by screws 37 which are also annularly arranged and are threaded into the lower die holder 3. As in the case of screws 34, the fillister heads of screws 37 project into similar recesses in the lower die 7 and hold said die in place in the same manner that screws 34 hold annular die seat 9 in place.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

With the parts in the positions depicted in Fig. 1, a ring of copper or other mate rial having substantially the cross section illustrated in Fig. 6 is inserted between the upper and lower die holders 8 and 3 respec tively, and seated in the die forming-depression therein. By means well known in the art, tables 1 and 2 are caused to relatively move toward each other. Lower and upper die holders 3 and S at first remain in imchanged relation, the upper die holder being seated upon and being maintained in elevated position by springs 21, which bear against the undersides of brackets 23, but said upper die holder is held in a predetermined fixed position with respect to lower die holder 3 against the expansive force of thesprings 21 by the restraining influence of the toggles, comprising links 14 and 15. At this time pilot 26 extends partially through upper die holder 8 and projects into upper die 10, but does not serve to act as a guide maintaining the alinement of lower and upper die holders 3 and 8, respectively. Guide rods 27, however, extend through both the upper and lower die holders 8 and 3, preserving the vertical alinement thereof. As the lower and upper tables 1 and 2 continue to relatively progress toward each other, guide rods 27 extend continuously farther into the chambers 28 and displace the fluid, such as air, therein, which escapes through the ports 29. The tables 1 and 2 continuing to move together, the upper and lower die holders 8 and 3 assume such positions that pilot 26 passes through upper die 10 and into the aperture of the annular work A. Said annular work is then forced into the annular space be tween the convex surface of pilot 26 and the, concave metal-shaping annular surface of upper die 10. Before the end of the stroke, the upper surface of upper die holder 8 encounters the under surface of pilot holder 24. During continued relative movement links 14 and 15 of each toggle are caused to swing about pins 13 and 16, the result being that their central pivotal connection moves laterally until pivot pins 17 have moved laterally to the positions illustrated in Fig. 2. When pins 17 occupy this position, the relative approach of tables 1 and 2 has been completed and the upper and lower dies 10 and 7, respectively, have been brought together in intimate contact, and it is to be noted that pilot 26 now extends through both dies 10 and 7 with the lower curved portion below the lower die 7. Said pilot now serves not only as a guide for alining the upper and lower die holders 8 and 3, but maintains both said upper and lower dies 10 and 7 in a predetermined fixed relation with itself, and said pilot also forms a backing or forming-member for the inner surface of the ring A. The altitude of the space created by the work-shaping faces of the dies 10 and 7 is less than the original altitude of the annular work or ring A, as illustrated in Fig. 6, and, therefore, the metal of said ring has been compressed and displaced until it acquires the cross section illustrated at A in Fig. 7. In spection of Figs. 2 and 7 shows that the lower die 7 forms the faces 31 and 32 of the cross section shown in Fig. 7 and the upper surface of said lower die 7, which is contiguous to the die opening, forms the shoulder 38 of that cross section.

Cone frustums 39, 40 and 41 and the up per beveled edge 42 in the cross section of the finished ring, are formed by the metalshaping faces of the upper die 10.

The annular ring, originally having the cross section depicted on Fig. 6, has now been transformed to have the cross section illustrated in Fig. 7, and the upper and lower tables are caused to separate. A separation of the upper and lower die holders 10c thereupon takes place, during which the links 14 and 15 of the toggles are gradually returned to the positions illustrated in Fig. 1. After said toggle links return to these positions, the continued separation of 105 tables 1 and 2, and hence the consequent relative movement of upper and lower die holders 8 and 3 away from pilot holder 24, results in the upper die holder 8 stripping the finished work from pilot 26.

As theupper and lower die holders 8 and 3 separate, the springs 21, which were compressed (hiring the latter part of the relative approach of tables 1 and 2 toward each other, again press the die holders apart. 115 The parts a gain finally assuming the positions illustrated in 1, the finished work may be extracted, and a new ring substituted. for similar treatment.

lVh at I claim is:

1. In combination in a device of the class described, opposingly positioned die holders, dies retained thereby, means normally separating said die holders, means positively connecting the latter and adapted to permit 125 the same to relatively approach each other, and means for causing said die holders to move toward each other.

2. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, co-acting 130 dies carried thereby, expansible means normally sepa 'ating said die holders, operable means cooperating with said expansible means to maintain said opposing die holders in a given separated relation, a propelling device adapted to move said die holders while in said separated relation, and means for operating said expansible and operable means to drive said die holders together at predetermined times.

3. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, a co-acting die carried by each, resilient means normally forcing said die holders apart, operable mechanism for combining said die holders to adapt the same to travel in unison while separated, propelling means for said die holders, means for alining said coacting dies and means for driving said die holders toward each other before the con clusion of the propulsion thereof.

4. In combination in a device of the class descriliied, opposing die holders, perforated (to-acting dies carried thereby, work-backing means passable through said dies, means normally forcing said die holders apart, devices limiting the separation of said die holders, propelling means for the latter and means for driving said die holders together and said worlebaclring means through said dies.

5. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, perforated co-acting dies carried thereby, a combined work-backing means and pilot passable through said dies, means for adapting said die holders to travel. in unison and separated relation, propelling means for said die holders, means for causing said die holders to bring said dies together and for projecting said pilot through said dies, and auxiliary guiding means for said die holders effective with respect to the latter at times when said backing means and pilot is not so effective.

(3. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing movable die holders, one having fluid chambers, perforated c0- acting dies carried thereby, a pilot member adapted. to cooperate with said dies in forming the work passable through said dies and normally out of engagement with part'of said dies, means maintaining said die holders in spaced and simultaneously movable relation, and guides extending into said fluid chambers and adapted to displace fluid therein, said latter guides being effective to aline said dies when said work-forming pilot is incapable of doing so.

7. In combination in a' device of the class described, opposing dies, die holders therefor, means for normally separating said die holders adapted to cause the same to be capable of simultaneously moving in the same direction in spaced relation to each other, means for moving said die holders while separated and means for bringing said dies into work-shaping relation at predetermined times.

8. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, movable opposing die holders therefor, yielding means sub jected to mutual reactance from said die holders normally maintaining the latter separated, separation-limiting means for said die holders cooperating with said yielding means to permit said die holders to move in unison and separated relation, means for moving said die holders while in said relation, die-alinement preserving means, and means for causing said die holders to move in relative opposition to each other.

9. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, die holder propelling means having a predetermined stroke, yielding means reacting against said opposing die holders to separate the same, separation-limiting devices connecting said die holders in mutually responsive relation, means for correlating said dies to give predeteri'nined shape to work, and means for causing said die holders to move in relative opposition to each other during the medetermined stroke of said propelling means.

10. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, die holder propelling means having a predetermined stroke, means normally separating said die holders, separationlimiting devices connecting said die holders in mutually responsive relation, means for moving said die holders to bring the dies together during the predetermined stroke of said propelling means, a pilot member adapted to cooperate with said dies, and means maintaining said separation-limiting means responsive to the means for bringing said die holders together.

11. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, co-acting perforated dies retained thereby, a member passable through said dies and adapted to cooperate therewith in shaping work, adjustable means normally separating said die holders, separation-limiting devices connecting said die holders in mutually responsive relation, propelling means adapted to move said die holders in unison and separated relation, and means supporting the member that coope ates with said dies to shape work, said means being adapted to actuate said separation-limiting devices and die holders to bring the dies together.

12. In combination in a device of the class described, a die holder provided with fluid chambers having ingress and egress ports, a perforated die retained thereby, another die holder axially alined therewith, another perforated die held by the same, a suitably sup ported pilot-holder, a pilot secured thereto and adapted to pass through said dies and cooperate therewith to shape work, guides secured to said pilot-holder, passing through said die holders and entering said fluid chambers, and means for moving said pilot and die holders together and causing said guides to displace fluid in said chambers.

13. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality of holders, cooperative work-shaping means carried by each, guides maintaining said holders in permanent alinement, cushioning means for normally separating some of said holders and supporting one from another, separation-limiting means for the separated holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with said separated holders, and means adapted to operate said toggles and move said holders toward each other.

14. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality of holders, cooperating work-shaping means carried by each, resilient means normally pressing some of said holders apart, separation-limiting means for the pressed apart holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with and con necting the latter holders, and means adapted to move the connected holders toward another of said holders, the latter being adapted to operate said toggles and connected holders, whereby said work-shaping means fully coiiperate.

15. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality of holders, cooperating work-shaping means carried by each, resilient means normally pressing some of said holders apart, separation-limiting means for the pressed apart holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with and connecting the latter holders, means adapted to move the.connected holders toward another of said holders, the latter being adapted to operate said toggles and connected holders, whereby said work-shaping means fully cooperate, and means maintaining said toggles in responsive positions.

16. In combination in a device of the class described, a die holder provided with a cavity, a die member seated in said cavity, said die holder being provided with holes, and devices passing into said holes, interlocked with said die holder and having portions embedded in said die holder and die member and lapping portions of the latter to retain the same.

17. In combination in a device of the class described, a die holder provided with a cavity having an internal shoulder, a die eX tending inwardly beyond said shoulder and also being provided with a shoulder, a dieretainer seated against the shoulders of said die holder cavity and of the die, the die holder being provided with holes, and devices passing into said holes, interlocked with said die holder and having portions embedded in said die holder and die-retainer, and lapping portions of the latter to support the same.

means adapted to actuate said separating and restraining means to drive said die holders together and to bring said pilot and dies into work enveloping-andshaping relation.

19. In coi'nbination in a device oil the class described, opposing die holders, a co-acting die carried by each, one die being adapted to retain work, resilient means normally forcing said die-holders apart, mechanism restraining said die holders from excessive separation, a pilot member adapted to form work-recr-ziving space between itself and the dies in the opposing die holders, and means adapted to move said pilot member into work and to actuate said resilient means and mechanism to cause the die holders to move toward each other to position said dies and pilot in work-shaping relation.

20. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing movable die holders, perforated co-acting dies carried by said holders, a pilot normally in cooperative relation with one of said dies and passable through the die carried by the opposing die holder to form space between itself and the die holder-carried dies, means maintaining said die holders in spaced but yielding relation, guides extending into one of said die holders and eiiective to cause the alinement of said dieswhen said pilot is incapable of doing so, and means for moving said die holders and pilot to bring the latter and said dies into work forming relation.

21. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, a pilot adapted to cooperate with said dies, yielding means subjected to mutual reactance from said die holders normally maintaining the latter separated, separation-limiting means for said die-holders, and means for moving said die holders together and said pilot into said dies, said yielding means and means cooperating to maintain said die holders in unchanged separated relation until said pilot extends into work.

22. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, a pilot adapted to cooperate with said dies, actuating means for moving the die holders toward each other and said pilot through said dies, said means having 2. stroke, yielding means reacting against said separation-limiting opposing die holders to separate the same, and separation-limiting devices attached to and connecting said die holders and having their influence nullified by said actuating means during the stroke of the latter.

23. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, a pilot adapted to cooperate with said dies, actuating means for moving the die holders toward each other and said pilot through said dies, said means having a. stroke, yielding means reacting against sald opposing die holders to separate the same, separation-limiting devices attached to and connecting said die holders and having their influence nullified by said actuating means during the stroke of the latter, and means maintaining said. separation-limiting means responsive to said actuating means.

24-. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, co-aeting perforated dies retained thereby, a pilot member passable through said dies adapted to cooperate therewith in shaping work, adjustable means normally separating said die holders, separation-limiting devices adapted to coope 'ate with said die holder separating means to maintain said die holders in unchanged relation during the operation of the device for a period of less duration than that required for the complete operation thereof, and means part of which supports said pilot member adapted to change the relation of said die holders to bring the dies together and pass said pilot member therethrough.

25. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality of holders, cooperative Work-shaping means carried by each, guides maintaining 'said holders in. permanent alinement, cushioning means for normally separating some of said holders and supporting one from another, separation-limiting means for the separated holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with said separated holders, and means adapted to operate said toggles and to move said holders to bring said work-shaping means into cooperative relation.

26. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality oil holders, cooperating work-shaping means carried by each, resilient means normally pressing some of said holders apart, separation-limiting means for the pressed apart holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with and connecting the latter holders, and actuating means permitting said connected holders to remain in unchanged separated relation during the initial part of the operation of the actuating means and subsequently operating said toggles and connected holders, said actuating means also positioning the work-shaping means carried by one of the holders other than the connected holders in cooperative relation with said shaping means of the connected holders.

27. In combination in a device of the class described, a plurality of holders, cooperating work-shaping means carried by each, resilient means normally pressing some of said holders apart, separation-limiting means for the pressed apart holders comprising toggles pivotally connected with and'connecting the latter holders, actuating means adapted to relatively move the connected holders and another of said holders toward each other, whereby the work-shaping means of all the holders fully cooperate, and means maintaining said toggles in positions responsive to the actuating means before the operation of the latter.

28. I11 combination in a device of the class described, opposing die holders, perforated oil-acting dies carried thereby, a pilot passable through said opposing dies adapted to be spaced from portions of each, means normally separating said die holders, dieholder-connecting devices collapsible under compression and resistiveunder tension, said devices having reactionary connections with the die holders that are opposed to each other and being adapted to limit the separation of said die holders, and means for actuating said die-holder-connecting devices and relatively moving said die holders together and said pilot through said dies so that the pilot will be spaced in part from each die.

29. In combination in a device of the class described, spaced opposing die holders, means yieldingly connecting the same having connections therewith, said connections being devoid of appreciable lost motion, coacting dies carried by said die holders, a work-backing pilot passable through said dies normally out of engagement with one of said dies, means for causing'said die holders to bring said dies together and for projecting said pilot through said dies, and auxiliary guiding means for alining said die holders effective at times when said pilot is not projected through the dies of said opposing die holders.

30. In combination in a device of the class described, opposing dies, die holders therefor, means normally separating said die holders, means connecting and anchored to both die holders restraining the same from further separation when said last mentioned means is in a given relation to said die holders, a pilot for said dies and means for bringing said dies and pilot into work-shaping relation.

31. In combination in a device of the class described, co-acting dies, opposing die holders therefor, a pilot, actuating means for moving the die holders toward each other and said pilot through said dies into work-shaping relation therewith, said means lSt having a stroke, means normally separating upon a return stroke of said actuating W said die holders, separation-limiting devices means.

having rigid connections With the die hold- In Witness whereof I have hereunto set ers that are opposed to each other and said my hand in the presence of tWo Witnesses. devices being of such type that their in u- 1 ence is nullified during the stroke of said JOSEPH AMhS" actuating means and by acting through one Witnesses: of said die holders is adapted to cause the B. P. ERDMAN,

'di-e therein to strip Work from said pilot E. J. FINKBEINER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

